The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.